Governance, Legislation, and Geostrategies
The Authoritarian Risks of AI Surveillance
(Matthew Tokson – Lawfare – 1 May 2025) Concerns about authoritarianism loom large in American politics. Against this backdrop, another phenomenon may be pushing democracies toward authoritarianism: artificial intelligence (AI) law enforcement. AI surveillance and policing systems are currently used by authoritarian nations around the world. Evidence suggests that these systems are effective in suppressing political unrest and entrenching existing regimes. Concerningly, AI surveillance and policing systems have also become increasingly prevalent in cities across the United States. As I explain in a new article, AI law enforcement tends to undermine democratic government, promote authoritarian drift, and entrench existing authoritarian regimes. AI-based systems can reduce structural checks on executive authority and concentrate power among fewer and fewer people. In the wrong hands, they can help authorities detect subversive behavior and discourage or punish dissent, while enabling corruption, selective enforcement, and other abuses. These effects are already visible in today’s relatively primitive AI systems, and they’ll become increasingly dangerous to democracy as AI technology improves. – https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/the-authoritarian-risks-of-ai-surveillance
The Digital Divide Meets the Quantum Divide
(Michael Karanicolas, Alessia Zornetta – Just Security – 1 May 2025) For decades, critics have argued that intellectual property rules–particularly in patent law–have entrenched global inequality by ensuring the fruits of technological development remain concentrated in wealthy countries. This has slowed, and in some cases stalled, growth in the Global South. Similar concerns are now emerging with the rise of the AI economy, where first movers are setting governance standards to suit their own interests, often at the expense of poorer nations. As countries in the Global North race toward quantum supremacy, this familiar pattern of technological gatekeeping is poised to repeat itself. Disparities in both access to and control over transformative technologies are likely to widen, driven by the national security implications of quantum advancements. Already, we are seeing restrictive export controls and competitive research initiatives designed to hoard these technologies among the countries developing them. The Global South risks exclusion—not only from the technological and economic benefits of quantum innovation, but also from the enhanced security protections it promises. These emerging silos of privileged access to quantum technology echo problematic trends from previous technological regimes but also introduce new challenges, particularly given quantum’s potential to undermine existing digital infrastructure. – https://www.justsecurity.org/111035/digital-divide-meets-quantum-divide/
Microsoft outlines new commitments to Europe’s digital future
(Digital Watch Observatory – 1 May 2025) Microsoft has unveiled a set of five digital commitments aimed at supporting Europe’s technological and economic future. Central to the announcement is a major expansion of its cloud and AI infrastructure, including plans to grow its datacentre capacity by 40% across 16 European countries. – https://dig.watch/updates/microsoft-outlines-new-commitments-to-europes-digital-future
Bank of Italy warns about crypto risks and US policy influence
(Digital Watch Observatory – 1 May 2025) The Bank of Italy has once again expressed concerns over the growing influence of crypto in traditional finance. In its latest Financial Stability Report, the central bank warned that the global integration of digital assets poses a significant risk to financial stability. For years, central banks have raised alarms about the systemic threats crypto presents. These include volatility, regulatory gaps, and the potential for contagion across markets. However, recent political changes have intensified these worries. – https://dig.watch/updates/bank-of-italy-warns-about-crypto-risks-and-us-policy-influence
Trump and tech: After 100 days
(Digital Watch Observatory – 30 April 2025) Against the backdrop of the first 100 days of the new US administration, experts gathered during a Diplo event to assess the shifting terrain of global digital governance. – https://dig.watch/updates/trump-and-tech-after-100-days
UAE launches academy to lead in AI innovation
(Digital Watch Observatory – 30 April 2025) The UAE has announced the launch of its AI Academy, aiming to strengthen the country’s position in AI innovation both regionally and globally. Developed in partnership with the Polynom Group and the Abu Dhabi School of Management, it is designed to foster a skilled workforce in AI and programming. – https://dig.watch/updates/uae-launches-academy-to-lead-in-ai-innovation
UK refuses to include Online Safety Act in US trade talks
(Digital Watch Observatory – 30 April 2025) The UK government has ruled out watering down the Online Safety Act as part of any trade negotiations with the US, despite pressure from American tech giants. Speaking to MPs on the Science, Innovation and Technology Committee, Baroness Jones of Whitchurch, the parliamentary under-secretary for online safety, stated unequivocally that the legislation was ‘not up for negotiation’. – https://dig.watch/updates/uk-refuses-to-include-online-safety-act-in-us-trade-talks
UK and US join forces to promote responsible cryptocurrency adoption
(Digital Watch Observatory – 30 April 2025) The United Kingdom and the United States are set to strengthen their collaboration in advancing cryptocurrency adoption. UK Finance Minister Rachel Reeves confirmed that the UK plans to introduce a comprehensive regulatory framework for crypto assets. The government hopes to work closely with the US to promote the responsible use of the asset class. – https://dig.watch/updates/uk-and-us-join-forces-to-promote-responsible-cryptocurrency-adoption
Apple to shift US iPhone assembly to India by 2025
(Digital Watch Observatory – 30 April 2025) Apple is preparing to assemble all iPhones sold inside the US in India by next year, aiming to produce over 60 million units annually in the country by 2026. The move comes in response to mounting geopolitical tensions and renewed tariff threats under former President Donald Trump’s trade agenda, which once imposed duties as high as 145% on Chinese imports. – https://dig.watch/updates/apple-to-shift-us-iphone-assembly-to-india-by-2025
Big Tech accused of undue influence over EU AI Code
(Global Watch Observatory – 30 April 2025) The European Commission is facing growing criticism after a joint investigation revealed that Big Tech companies had disproportionate influence over the drafting of the EU’s Code of Practice on General Purpose AI. The report, published by Corporate Europe Observatory and LobbyControl, claims firms such as Google, Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, and OpenAI were granted privileged access to shaping the voluntary code, which aims to help companies comply with the upcoming AI Act. – https://dig.watch/updates/big-tech-accused-of-undue-influence-over-eu-ai-code
The unexpected visionary: Pope Francis on AI, humanity, and the future of work
(Molly Kinder – Brookings – 29 April 2025) As the world reflects on Pope Francis’ legacy following his death last week, his leadership on social and economic justice is rightly being celebrated. But far less known—yet still profoundly prescient—is his visionary leadership on artificial intelligence. At a time of rapid technological advancement with few guardrails, Pope Francis emerged as the world’s leading moral voice, insisting that AI be developed and deployed with human dignity at its core. Today, AI is poised to reshape nearly every dimension of life—from work to governance to human relationships—at a pace few institutions are prepared to confront. In this context, Pope Francis’ moral guidance spoke beyond religious boundaries. Rooted in a deep concern for the common good, his message has resonated with policymakers, technologists, and citizens alike, regardless of religious belief or views on organized religion. Leading architects of the AI era—including Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, and xAI CEO Elon Musk—have sought audiences with the pope, recognizing the need for ethical frameworks that match the power and reach of the technologies they are building. This essay focuses on one critical dimension of Pope Francis’ ethical approach to AI: his vision for the future of work. I draw on remarks that I delivered last month at a global convening at the Vatican. For two days, I joined 60 participants—judges, former government ministers, cardinals, academics, and policymakers—in the Vatican gardens to examine AI through the lens of justice, democracy, and ethics. As a researcher focused on AI’s impact on work and workers, I consider how Pope Francis’ teachings can guide a future where technological progress enhances, rather than diminishes, human dignity. His teachings challenge us to evaluate progress not by technical capability or profit, but by how well technology serves humanity—placing people at the center of innovation, not its margins. – https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-unexpected-visionary-pope-francis-on-ai-humanity-and-the-future-of-work/
How anticipatory governance can lead to AI policies that stand the test of time
(David Winickoff, Karine Perset – OECD.AI – 29 April 2025) Artificial intelligence is a transformative force, reshaping economies, societies, and geopolitics in real-time. Governments and industries are pouring resources into advancing AI, seeking economic rewards and strategic advantages. However, this surge of innovation raises a pressing question: How can AI governance policies possibly keep pace, pave the way for its benefits, and mitigate the risks? The recent Steering AI’s Future report offers valuable lessons for effective AI governance, focusing on five key elements from the Framework for Anticipatory Governance of Emerging Technologies: guiding values, strategic intelligence, stakeholder engagement, agile regulation, and international co-operation. – https://oecd.ai/en/wonk/how-anticipatory-governance-can-lead-to-ai-policies-that-stand-the-test-of-time
Bridging the digital divide in Africa: Enhancing technology adoption for economic growth
(Susan Lund, Marcio Cruz – Brookings – 29 April 2025) The adoption of digital technologies by firms is a critical driver of productivity and economic growth for developing economies. While there have been notable advancements in digitalization—particularly in mobile payments—the overall use of digital technologies among businesses in Africa remains low. Despite the proliferation of mobile phones and increasing internet connectivity, many African firms do not fully leverage digital technologies for core business functions. Recent International Finance Corporation (IFC) research indicates that less than one-third of firms that have adopted digital technologies use them intensively for their most productive purposes such as business administration, planning, and sales. Our analysis shows that 600,000 formally registered firms and 40 million microbusinesses in Africa could benefit from digital upgrades. – https://www.brookings.edu/articles/bridging-the-digital-divide-in-africa-enhancing-technology-adoption-for-economic-growth/
At the 20th Collective Study Session of the CCP Central Committee Politburo, Xi Jinping Stresses: Persist in Being Self-Reliant, Be Strongly Oriented Toward Applications, and Push the Orderly Development of Artificial Intelligence
(Center for Security and Emerging Technology – 28 April 2025) The following article is a summary by China’s state media of a Chinese Politburo collective study session on AI, at which Xi Jinping spoke. Xi emphasized the importance of China achieving superiority in AI and highlighted China’s need to improve domestic AI chips and software. He also urged the country to use AI to turbocharge scientific research. However, Xi mentioned AI risks in his speech as well, and called for new AI laws, regulations, and technology risk monitoring efforts. This is the first such Politburo session on AI since 2018. – https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/xi-politburo-collective-study-ai-2025/
Security
North Korean IT worker scam is now a threat to all companies, cybersecurity experts say
(Jonathan Greig – The Record – 1 May 2025) North Korea’s ability to surreptitiously slip thousands of its workers into Fortune 500 companies was a main focus for cybersecurity professionals at this year’s RSA Conference. Recorded Future News spoke to and heard from dozens people on every side of the issue — from incident responders helping companies that hired them to researchers embedded in the chat rooms where DPRK workers provide updates to senior officials. – https://therecord.media/north-korean-it-worker-scam-expands-rsa
Poland’s state registry temporarily blocked by cyber incident
(Daryna Antoniuk – The Record – 1 May 2025) A suspected cyberattack disrupted Poland’s state registry systems on Wednesday, hampering access to key government services, local media reported. The incident temporarily blocked access to the country’s PESEL registry, a central database that stores personal information such as names, birthdates and addresses, and is used to verify identities across healthcare, taxation and other public services. – https://therecord.media/poland-pesel-system-state-registry-cyber-incident
More than 100,000 impacted by December data breach at Ascension Health
(Jonathan Greig – The Record – 1 May 2025) Ascension Health revealed another security incident this week, warning more than 100,000 people in multiple states that their information was likely accessed by hackers late last year. The large non-profit healthcare network filed breach notices in Massachusetts and Texas this week saying the breach occurred on December 5. – https://therecord.media/ascension-health-data-breach-impacts-over-100000
Billbug Expands Cyber-Espionage Campaign in Southeast Asia
(Robert Lemos – Dark Reading – 1 May 2025) A China-linked cyber-espionage group using custom malware had “significant success” infecting government organizations and critical private-sector industries in much of Southeast Asia in late 2024 and early 2025, according to intelligence reports released this month. The group has targeted the government, manufacturing, telecommunications, and media sectors in several Southeast Asian countries and regions, including the Philippines, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Vietnam, according to a report released last week by the Symantec threat hunting team at Broadcom, which calls the group Billbug (but it’s better known as Lotus Panda or Lotus Blossom). It has used legitimate but out-of-date binaries from security firms to load malicious software components onto targeted systems in order to compromise them, according to the Symantec threat analysis. – https://www.darkreading.com/threat-intelligence/billbug-cyber-espionage-campaign-southeast-asia
DARPA Highlights Critical Infrastructure Security Challenges
(Alexander Culafi – Dark Reading – 30 April 2025) US critical infrastructure sectors face a wide range of security challenges, forcing federal government leaders to find new advantages in the form of automation and artificial intelligence technologies. In an RSAC Conference 2025 panel session, “AI and Cyber Defense: Protecting Critical Infrastructure,” federal officials discussed the ongoing cybersecurity risks that threaten various facets of critical infrastructure and what can be done to mitigate those risks. Participants included Kathleen Fisher, Office Director, Information Innovation Office at the US Department of Defense’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Rob McHenry, Acting Director at DARPA; Vincent Tang, Deputy Director at Advanced Research Projects Agency for Infrastructure (ARPA-I); and Jennifer Roberts, Director of Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H). – https://www.darkreading.com/cyber-risk/darpa-highlights-critical-infrastructure-security-challenges
The FBI’s Brett Leatherman gives the latest ‘Typhoon’ forecast
(Martin Matishak – The Record – 30 April 2025) The discovery that Chinese state-backed hackers had burrowed into U.S. critical infrastructure with the aim of causing mass disruption continues to reverberate nearly two years after the hacking group behind the attacks was first publicly disclosed. Several similar entities have emerged since the group, known as Volt Typhoon, was unveiled by Microsoft and U.S. officials in May 2023. They range from Salt Typhoon, which broke into U.S. telecom firms in a sweeping espionage campaign, to Silk Typhoon, which breached the Treasury Department, to Flax Typhoon, which targeted Taiwan. For the latest on where U.S. efforts against these groups stand, Recorded Future News sat down with Brett Leatherman, FBI deputy assistant director of cyber operations, at the RSA Conference. – https://therecord.media/fbi-interview-china-hacking-volt-salt-flax-typhoon
Adversaries Are Toying With US Networks & DC Is Short on Answers
(Becky Bracken – Dark Reading – 30 April 2025) Nation-state adversaries are lurking in US critical infrastructure networks right now, but government officials who came to speak at this year’s RSAC 2025 conference were short on solutions. A panel of policymakers this week were very clear on the threat. Salt Typhoon, a China-backed threat group, is particularly scary, having demonstrated uncanny skill in breaching sensitive networks. In fact, panel moderator Frank Cilluffo, director of the McCrary Institute for Cyber and Critical Infrastructure Security at Auburn University, said Salt Typhoon’s attacks represent the most egregious cyber espionage against the US ever, adding it crossed a “red line.” However, to date, there has been no penalty imposed. – https://www.darkreading.com/cybersecurity-operations/adversaries-toying-with-us-networks
EU criticised for secretive security AI plans
(Digital Watch Observatory – 30 April 2025) A new report by Statewatch has revealed that the European Union is quietly laying the groundwork for the widespread use of experimental AI technologies in policing, border control, and criminal justice. The report warns that these developments pose serious threats to transparency, accountability, and fundamental rights. – https://dig.watch/updates/eu-criticised-for-secretive-security-ai-plans
TheWizards APT Casts a Spell on Asian Gamblers With Novel Attack
(Tara Seals – Dark Reading – 30 April 2025) A Chinese advanced persistent threat (APT) known as TheWizards is conjuring “Spellbinder,” a lateral movement tool that enables a unique adversary-in-the-middle (AitM) attack that hides malware in legitimate software update processes. According to research that ESET debuted this week at RSAC Conference 2025, Spellbinder enables IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC) spoofing, a nearly 15-year-old known attack vector that allows TheWizards to intercept network packets and redirect traffic coming to and from legitimate Chinese applications installed on a target machine. – https://www.darkreading.com/cloud-security/thewizards-apt-asian-gamblers-attack
Phishers Take Advantage of Iberian Blackout Before It’s Even Over
(Elizabeth Montalbano – Dark Reading – 30 April 2025) Electricity was still unavailable during a blackout across Spain, Portugal, and other parts of Europe this week when threat actors already started taking advantage of the incident in phishing attacks aimed at stealing personal data and payment-card details. An email campaign spoofing the Portuguese national airline, TAP Air Portugal, targeted people who might have experienced delayed or canceled flights because of the power cut that primarily affected Spain and Portugal but also other parts of Europe for most of the day Monday, according to a report published by Cofense Intelligence yesterday. – https://www.darkreading.com/cyberattacks-data-breaches/phishers-take-advantage-iberian-blackout
Co-op announces ‘attempted’ cyberattack in wake of M&S incident
(Alexander Martin – The Record – 30 April 2025) The Co-op retail chain in the United Kingdom announced on Wednesday it had proactively shut down part of its IT systems following an attempted cyberattack, which testimony from staff suggested may have been detected at least three days ago. The incident comes amid ongoing disruption to its competitor Marks & Spencer, which suffered an attack last week that shuttered its online stores. On Monday, the chain told workers not to turn up at its main warehouse distribution centers. – https://therecord.media/co-op-uk-retailer-announces-attempted-cyber-incident
Polish police dismantle cybercrime gang accused of impersonation scams, arrest nine suspects
(Daryna Antoniuk – The Record – 30 April 2025) Polish police dismantled an international cybercrime group accused of defrauding dozens of victims out of nearly $665,000, authorities said Tuesday. Nine people were detained in connection with the case. Investigators said the suspects, who ranged in age from 19 to 51 years old, posed as bank employees and law enforcement officers to trick victims into transferring funds to fraudulent accounts. In total, at least 55 people were targeted. – https://therecord.media/poland-cybercrime-gang-dismantle-impersonation
Japanese global logistics company confirms ransomware attack
(Daryna Antoniuk – The Record – 30 April 2025) A major Japanese logistics provider confirmed this week that it had fallen victim to a ransomware attack, disrupting some of its systems. The Tokyo-based Kintetsu World Express (KWE), which offers air and sea cargo services globally, has not yet identified the specific threat actor behind the attack. In a statement on Wednesday, the company said it is in the process of restoring affected systems. – https://therecord.media/kintetsu-world-express-ransomware-attack-japan
US arrests two alleged leaders of online extremist 764 group
(Joe Warminsky – The Record – 30 April 2025) Two men have been arrested and accused of forcing children to produce “degrading and explicit content under threat and manipulation” as leaders of the global online extremist network known as 764. Leonidas “War” Varagiannis, 21, and Prasan “Trippy” Nepal, 20, are both in U.S. custody and face life in prison if convicted of their alleged crimes, the Department of Justice said in a Tuesday news release. Varagiannis, a U.S. citizen, was arrested this week in Greece, and Nepal was apprehended April 22 in North Carolina. – https://therecord.media/two-charged-with-crimes-connected-to-online-extremist-group
Terrorism and Extremism
Experts see rise of powerful non-state groups as US retreats from global stage
(Patrick Tucker – Defense One – 30 April 2025) Several trends are giving violent extremist groups a brighter, more profitable future, security officials and experts from around the world said this week at the Soufan Center Security Forum here. Cryptocurrencies and sophisticated use of shell companies are helping them accumulate funds. AI is making recruitment and disinformation a snap. The reduction of social-media monitoring is enabling such campaigns to flourish. The U.S. retreat from multilateral diplomatic efforts is reducing the pressure that kept such groups in check. All this is making such groups more powerful, independent, and useful as proxy tools for autocratic regimes. State-backed militias are no longer operating on the margins—they’re deploying increasingly sophisticated weapons and tactics, thanks in part to a surge in funding and arms transfers from autocratic sponsors. Russia, for example, has dispatched the Wagner Group across Ukraine, Africa, and the Middle East. But nowhere is this more evident than in Yemen, where Iran’s material and technical support has transformed the Houthis from a local insurgency into a regional threat. Houthis progressed from firing short-range rockets to launching cruise missiles and drones at targets hundreds of miles away—striking at Saudi oil facilities, Israeli airports, UAE territory, and shipping in international waters. – https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2025/04/experts-see-rise-powerful-non-state-groups-us-retreats-global-stage/404971/?oref=d1-featured-river-top
Defense, Intelligence, and Warfare
European Defence Fund funnels money to drones, hypersonic defense, AI
(Rudy Ruitenberg – Defense News – 1 May 2025) The European Union’s executive arm picked 62 defense projects for a combined €910 million ($1 billion) in financing in the latest funding round by the European Defence Fund, focusing on areas including drones, autonomous mine sweeping and defense against hypersonic weapons. Flagship projects in the funding round include Eurosweep, which aims to develop an unmanned minesweeping system, ENGRT II to develop a next-generation rotorcraft, and the iMUGS2 project to test unmanned ground vehicles, the European Commission said on Wednesday. – https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2025/05/01/european-defence-fund-funnels-money-to-drones-hypersonic-defense-ai/
Trump 2.0 Will Escalate the Contest for Military AI Supremacy
(Kyle Hiebert – Centre for International Governance Innovation – 30 April 2025) Days after re-entering the White House, Donald Trump tore up Joe Biden’s directives on the US government’s oversight and use of artificial intelligence (AI). Trump has instead ordered America’s AI industry be fully unleashed. Enormous ripple effects on the technology’s development and its impacts will soon follow. And they may include reshaping the future of war. A fragmenting international order has spurred a new global arms race. Meanwhile, AI-powered weapons, target detection systems and surveillance tools are evolving, as battlefield data from Ukraine, Gaza and elsewhere is prompting rapid iteration. Together, these dynamics have excited military personnel and mobilized venture capitalists. But they are also raising alarm over the possibility of runaway military AI. – https://www.cigionline.org/articles/trump-20-will-escalate-the-contest-for-military-ai-supremacy/
The Pentagon must balance speed with safety as it modernizes software
(Georgianna Shea – Defense News – 30 April 2025) The Department of Defense is at grave risk of being caught flat-footed by the next software vulnerability. When an adversary discovers it, the Pentagon may not know which systems are exposed until substantial damage has been done. This blind spot is dangerous. The Pentagon needs to balance expediting its software acquisition process with a better system for gauging prospective vulnerabilities and mitigating harm in the event of an attack. DOD understands the need for software modernization and is taking steps to improve both its development and procurement methods. A recent directive designates the Software Acquisition Pathway (SWP) as the primary process for creating both weapons and business systems. This necessary evolution marks a shift from lengthy, hardware-focused timelines to a faster and more flexible software-centric model. SWP streamlines development and emphasizes speed by allowing programs to share and repurpose software test results. – https://www.defensenews.com/opinion/2025/04/30/the-pentagon-must-balance-speed-with-safety-as-it-modernizes-software/
French startup turns jetliner into space weapon platform for satellite defense
(Interesting Engineering – 30 April 2025) A Paris-based space startup is developing a new spacecraft to intercept and destroy military threats in orbit. The company, called Dark, was founded in 2022 by former missile engineers from European defense contractors MBDA and Thales. The new venture, devised to protect increasingly important satellite infrastructure, reflects the dramatic militarization of space. – https://interestingengineering.com/space/space-weapon-platform-for-satellite-defense
Frontiers
Amazon launches first Kuiper satellites to challenge Starlink
(Digital Watch Observatory – 1 May 2025) Amazon has launched the first 27 satellites of its Project Kuiper broadband network into low-Earth orbit, marking a major step in its $10bn plan to deliver global internet coverage and rival Elon Musk’s Starlink. The satellites were launched aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, after weather delays earlier this month. They are the first of over 3,200 that Amazon intends to deploy, with the aim of reaching underserved and remote areas around the world. – https://dig.watch/updates/amazon-launches-first-kuiper-satellites-to-challenge-starlink
China launches world’s fastest submersible drone with rocket-drilling capabilities
(Interesting Engineering – 30 April 2025) China has launched the “Blue Whale,” the world’s first high-speed, uncrewed submersible vessel. This advanced boat can operate independently for a long time in very tough ocean conditions. The hybrid platform is designed to operate above and below the waterline and marks an important advancement in China’s indigenous marine technology development, according to Xinhua News. The launch took place on April 28 in the southern coastal city of Zhuhai under the auspices of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunzhou Tech. – https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-fast-submersible-drone
World’s first eco-friendly silver plating tech can transform electronics
(Interesting Engineering – 30 April 2025) Scientists in South Korea have developed the world’s first eco-friendly silver (Ag) plating technology using a phosphorus (P) compound as a key plating component. The method enables silver plating without the use of highly toxic cyanide. In the new method, scientists form an acidic plating solution based on phosphorus compounds that successfully produce uniform and stable silver thin films. The eco-friendly silver plating process for semiconductors and electronic components is essential for enhancing electrical signal transmission in multiple types of systems. – https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-first-eco-friendly-silver-plating-tech